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Syllabus
⚖️ CLAT
Subject:Common Law Admission Test Syllabus

Analogies, Syllogisms & Logical Relationships

Syllabus Unit: Logical Reasoning

Why it matters

Chapter overview

This unit covers the more formal, structural side of logical reasoning — matching the relationship between one pair of ideas to another (analogy), reasoning strictly from categorical statements to a guaranteed conclusion (syllogism), tracking relationships and sequences (series and blood relations), and separating genuine causal claims from mere coincidence. Unlike critical-reasoning passages, these questions have exact, checkable right answers once the underlying rule is applied correctly.

Common Law Admission Test Syllabus Logical Reasoning 20% weightage
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Analogy Types
1FunctionalPurpose-based link
2Whole-PartCategory membership
3Cause-EffectDirect causal link
4DegreeSame scale, different intensity

1Analogical Reasoning

Analogies test whether you can extract the exact relationship between a pair of items and reapply it correctly to a new pair.

Learning Objectives

  • Identify the precise relationship type linking a given word pair before searching for the answer.
  • Classify common analogy types: functional, categorical (whole-part), cause-effect, degree, and antonym/synonym.
  • Avoid superficial or loose matches that share only a topic, not the exact relationship.
  • Apply the 'sentence bridge' technique — expressing the relationship as a precise sentence before testing answer choices.

Key Terms

Word AnalogyA reasoning question testing whether the relationship between one pair of words also holds between a second pair.
Sentence BridgeA precise sentence expressing the exact relationship between the first word pair, used as a template to test each answer option.
Functional AnalogyA relationship based on what one item does to or for the other, e.g., Key is to Lock as Password is to Account.
Degree AnalogyA relationship based on relative intensity along the same scale, e.g., Warm is to Hot as Cool is to Cold.

An **analogy** question gives one pair of related words and asks you to find a second pair sharing the exact same relationship — the key skill is precision: identifying the specific relationship, not just a loose thematic connection.

The sentence-bridge technique

Convert the given pair into a precise sentence: 'A ___ is used to measure/create/prevent/is a type of ___'. Then test each option against that exact sentence — only the pair that fits the bridge perfectly is correct.

Common analogy relationship types

  • Functional — one item's purpose relates to the other (Pen : Write :: Knife : Cut).
  • Whole-Part / Categorical — one is a member or component of the other (Chapter : Book :: Petal : Flower).
  • Cause-Effect — one directly causes the other (Fire : Smoke :: Rain : Flood).
  • Degree/Intensity — items differ only in magnitude on the same scale (Warm : Hot :: Cool : Cold).
  • Synonym/Antonym — near-identical or opposite meaning (Happy : Joyful :: Sad : Gloomy).
Common MistakeCommon trap: an option may share the same topic/category as the original pair without sharing the same relationship — always verify with the sentence bridge, not just topical similarity.